Marker of carbohydrate metabolism disorders

Glucose is a monosaccharide that is the main energy substrate of the body. Its concentration in the blood depends on the activity of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. Blood glucose levels are regulated by hormones: insulin is the main hypoglycemic factor; glucagon, glucocorticoids, somatotropic hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid hormones, and adrenaline are the opposite hyperglycemic factors. Examination for diabetes mellitus, as well as diagnosis of the disease, is carried out by determining the level of glucose in the venous plasma on an empty stomach.