General urine analysis

Urinalysis is one of the most common laboratory tests. It is carried out for patients at any age, allowing you to get a set of data on the general condition of the body, as well as on the features of the urinary system. This is one of the most frequent studies before preparing for IVF and during pregnancy.

Urine is 96% water and 4% of metabolic products, which include mineral salts, nitrogenous compounds of protein metabolism, and other substances obtained as a result of blood filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes carried out inside the human kidneys.

In Kyiv, you can undergo a study and get competent advice based on the laboratory at the Dobrobut MC clinic. Our laboratory doctors work on modern equipment using high-quality reagents that allow for high-precision analysis even with minimal sample volumes.

You can apply for a service with a referral from your PCP, or seek advice from our specialist. Also, our doctors are ready to act as experts if for some reason you doubt the correctness of the interpretation of the results.

For a general urine test, prices are among the lowest. This service is with well-established algorithms. It is in demand among a large number of patients, including pregnant women, for whom it is important to quickly receive test results to attend antenatal clinics on a set schedule. Laboratory assistants have extensive practical experience in forming conclusions. You can get the result the next day if it does not fall on the weekend.

When is a urine test ordered?

This is one of the first tests ordered by a therapist. It is usually paired with a general blood test, which allows you to get extensive information about the state of health. A urologist and a nephrologist use it to diagnose the presence of pathologies in the kidneys and urinary tract. You can also get a referral from an obstetrician-gynecologist and a reproductologist since, in connection with the onset of pregnancy, the burden on the urinary system increases significantly. Women are more prone to cystitis, pyelonephritis.

The patient is required to submit a urine test - and this may be required several times - if he has undergone surgery or is on an outpatient basis.

Women and men preparing to become parents need to be sure of good health. Urogenital infections transmitted by STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) can cause problems with conception. For men, this is no less important than for their partners, because many infections in the male body are asymptomatic.

A simple study will help identify possible obstacles to conceiving a child.

The chemical composition of urine allows you to identify inflammatory processes and infectious agents. Also, according to its results, one can judge the state of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as diagnose violations of the water-electrolyte balance and metabolism in the body.

In our laboratory in Ukraine, urine analysis is inexpensive, and your doctor receives extensive information.

Reasons to do a urine test in Kyiv in our clinic:

conducting comprehensive monitoring, including during professional examinations for representatives of various professions;
preventive examinations;
health monitoring during pregnancy and after childbirth;
control testing during treatment for pathologies of the urinary system and kidneys;
if the patient is taking nephrotoxic drugs;
in case of detection of symptoms indicating diseases of the urinary system.

You should not be embarrassed if the doctor prescribes a study in the absence of obvious symptoms. The fact is that several diseases are asymptomatic, up to the stage of exacerbation. The doctor may suspect a problem by indirect signs, while urine analysis is easier and cheaper to do than other types of research.

What does a clinical urinalysis include?

This study allows you to get information about the general condition of the body, as well as specific manifestations and pathological processes in the urinary system. The following specialists can issue a referral for general urine analysis:

urologist;
nephrologist;
pediatrician;

general doctor;
therapist;
obstetrician-gynecologist;

reproductologist;
surgeon;
infectious disease specialist;

cardiologist;
endocrinologist;
gastroenterologist;
neuropathologist.

The patient receives a conclusion on the physical and chemical properties of urine, performed based on the "dry chemistry" method, refractometry, microphotography, as well as the results of microscopic examination for qualitative and quantitative organic and inorganic compounds in the sediment.

Urinalysis provides factual data, based on which the attending physician interprets the results to confirm or refute the alleged diagnosis.

How is a general urine analysis done?

Most of us have been exposed to this kind of research from a very young age. At the same time, not everyone thinks about the quality of the material provided to the laboratory. Several conditions must be met to obtain the most reliable result.

Preparation for the collection of material for general urine analysis analysis

The patient's task is to collect the morning average portion of urine in a special container, which can be purchased at a pharmacy or directly at our clinic. It is important that before this you make a thorough toilet of the external genitalia without the use of antiseptics, perfumed products, other cosmetic products, and rinses that could get into the sample and affect the final result.

For women and girls, it is important to wash from front to back (from the pubis to the coccyx). You should also postpone the study until the end of menstruation.
For infants and young children, special urinals are used. Urine from a diaper and a diaper is not suitable for analysis.
Also, do not give urine for analysis if a catheter was inserted into the urethra before that or other manipulations were performed that could lead to microtrauma.
The result can be distorted by the introduction of solutions of glucose, contrast, saline solution parenterally, if this happened shortly before the delivery of the material.
Refrain from taking dietary supplements, beets, blueberries, and other foods with food coloring, which can color urine into an extraneous pigment.

The morning portion of urine in the amount of 50 ml is collected. For the study, the sample must be collected no later than 4 hours. That is why it is advisable to visit the laboratory in the morning.

Sometimes the doctor asks to take the test immediately after the visit, sending it marked "Cito". Translated from Latin, this means “quickly”, the laboratory assistant gives the patient a container for collecting material and conducts research in priority order. It is important not to try to drink additional fluids or take diuretics beforehand, just collect the sample "as is"!

How to work with a urine sample

The research work uses automatic and semi-automatic analyzers, chemical reagents. Urine samples for general clinical analysis remain stable at a temperature regime of 2 ° C - 8 ° C for no more than 48 hours. The use of preservatives is not recommended. Before the study, urine is thoroughly mixed.

"Dry chemistry" is a method based on placing a sample on the reaction zone of a test strip with a reagent, which, as a result of reaction with urine protein molecules, stains. The composition of the reagents includes pH stabilizers (the so-called buffer), and a dye. Dye molecules absorb light in the blue region of the spectrum.

The reaction zone when applying urine is colorless or yellowish - it means there is no protein.
The presence of protein molecules leads to the formation of a complex compound with a dye, which leads to a shift in the light absorption spectrum to the red zone.

Microscopy examines the number and nature of inclusions in a sediment sample. The calculation is carried out within the visibility zone, taking into account the volume of the sample.

Clinical urinalysis results

In conclusion, according to the provided sample, the patient receives 2 sets of parameters - a total of 20 evaluation criteria. The results of urinalysis at the Dobrobut MC clinic in Ukraine are issued on paper, and a copy of the conclusion about the study is sent to the patient by email.

For expectant mothers, general urine analysis becomes a mandatory practice, and in the latter stages - from 35 weeks - it should be done every week.

First trimester - once every 4 weeks.
Second and third trimesters - every 2 weeks.

Due to the pressure of the enlarged uterus on the ureters, the outflow of urine from the kidney can be disturbed, which can lead to hydronephrosis (swelling of the kidney). All this creates a favorable environment for ascending infections.

A general urine test also allows you to timely detect the prerequisites for preeclampsia, which can cause problems for both the pregnant woman and the child.

Physico-chemical studies of urine analysis general urine analysis

The appearance of the sample, physical properties, and the presence of foreign compounds are evaluated. The physicochemical component contains data on the parameters:

colors - normally, the shade can vary from slightly yellow to amber;
pH - should be within pH 5.0–7.0;
relative density or specific weight - from 1.001 to 1.040;
transparency - must be transparent;
the smell is not pronounced, not sharp.

The presence concentration is also indicated:

protein - normally absent, "traces" may be observed;
glucose - not observed in a healthy person;
hemoglobin - no;
ketone bodies - absent or weakly expressed;
nitrites should not be normal;
bilirubin - normally absent in the urine, if present - this is a sign of liver pathologies;
urobilinogen - there should be a low concentration (traces).

An increase in physicochemical parameters indicates the development of pathological processes in the body. The patient should be alerted to changes in color to "meat", "beer", brown or black, milky white. If you need to take a urine test in Kyiv, it is important not to eat beets, blueberries, and dietary supplements before that, which can give the urine an unnatural shade.

Strengthening the smell of urine is another reason to worry about health. Ammonia, the smell of fermented apples, rotten - all this indicates changes in the body that should be brought under control.

What does microscopic examination of urinary sediment show?

When conducting urinalysis at the clinic MC "Dobrobut" in Kyiv, modern microscopes are used, allowing you to examine in detail any inclusions in the sedimentary residue. At the same time, the cost of analysis remains extremely low. That is why mothers of babies should not squeeze urine for analysis from a diaper. The fabric becomes a kind of filter that traps some of the suspensions - this will distort the real picture.

Urinalysis shows:

Erythrocytes. Normally, 0-1 cells in men and up to 3 erythrocytes in women are acceptable in the field of view.
Leukocytes. Acceptable in small quantities: for a child and women, their indicator is up to 6, and for men - up to 3 cells in the field of view.
Epithelial cells. In a healthy person, they may be present in the urine, but not more than 10 pieces in the field of view of the microscope.
Cylinders. Normally, they should not be in the urine. These are protein cells that have curled up inside the renal tubules and taken their shape. Their presence signals damage to the kidneys.
The so-called unorganized sediment of amorphous masses and salt crystals. The nature of the composition depends on the pH values.
Bacteria. They should not be inside the bladder. Bacteria can get into the sample if they are in the lower sections of the urethral canal. The presence of bacteria in combination with white blood cells is a sign of infection.
Yeast mushrooms Candida. The sample is observed after taking antibiotics.
Parasites. Normally, they should be absent.

It is important for a patient to pass a general urine test - without additional studies - already because, based on the results, the doctor will be able to issue a referral for a specifically directed study. People with pathologies of the urinary system and chronic diseases should be diagnosed regularly to monitor changes in the course of therapy over time.

For a person without chronic diseases, it is enough to take an analysis 1-2 times a year to be sure that there are no asymptomatic diseases.

How to make an appointment and do a urinalysis, the price of the study

This service is routine in medical laboratories. All algorithms are worked out, so patients quickly receive a conclusion about their state of health. You can get a referral from our specialist or your own doctor. Unlike the laboratories of the municipal polyclinic, our processing is much faster, the patient receives a copy of the results by email.

You can get the results of a general urine test in Kyiv by signing up by phone or leaving a contact phone number in the application on our website. The cost of general urine analysis is low, but it allows you to save time, identify the problem faster and start treatment.

We have comfortable conditions for patients. You can come alone or with a child, if necessary, our specialists will help you to do everything by the requirements of the procedure and get the results on time. Expectant mothers need to take tests and at the same time not be nervous because of queues and long waiting times.

Even if you received an urgent referral for analysis, our laboratory will do everything as soon as possible. Clinic MC "Dobrobut" in Kyiv is popular for its high level of service and detailed consultations of first-class specialists.

Registration for service