Causes, symptoms and methods of treatment of SARS and influenza in adults and children
Despite the fact that ARVI and influenza are very common illnesses, many myths still exist — about “mandatory” antibiotics, “weak immunity,” or the danger of any fever. In reality, most viral infections resolve without serious consequences if the body receives proper support and the patient gets timely medical care when needed.
Below we will explain what ARVI and influenza are, how they differ, what symptoms are typical, and how to act correctly during illness.
What are ARVI and influenza?
ARVI (acute respiratory viral infections) refers to a group of diseases caused by viruses that affect the respiratory tract.
Causes may include:
- rhinoviruses;
- adenoviruses;
- parainfluenza viruses;
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV);
- seasonal coronaviruses;
- metapneumovirus and others.
Influenza also belongs to ARVI but is classified separately due to its more severe course and higher risk of complications. It is important to understand how to distinguish influenza from ARVI in order to respond appropriately and prevent complications.
“Common cold” is not a single virus but a general term for different respiratory infections.
How are viral infections transmitted?
The main route of transmission is airborne droplets. Viruses spread through:
- coughing;
- sneezing;
- talking;
- close contact with an infected person.
Transmission via hands or surfaces is also possible if a person touches the eyes, nose, or mouth after contact.
Infections spread particularly quickly in:
- childcare groups;
- schools;
- offices;
- public transport;
- poorly ventilated spaces.
Even very careful individuals cannot completely avoid all viruses — and this is normal.
Children especially often get sick in their first years of kindergarten or school as their immune system is still learning to recognize many infections.
Main symptoms of ARVI
Symptoms vary depending on the virus, but most commonly include:
- runny or blocked nose;
- sore or irritated throat;
- cough;
- fever;
- weakness;
- headache;
- body aches;
- decreased appetite.
In children, additional symptoms may include:
- lethargy;
- sleepiness;
- irritability;
- refusal to eat;
- sometimes vomiting or diarrhea.
In most cases, symptoms gradually improve within 5–10 days. Cough after ARVI may sometimes last longer — this does not always indicate complications.
How is influenza different from the “common cold”?
Influenza usually begins suddenly. A person can often name the exact time when they started feeling unwell — this is one of the key signs of how to distinguish influenza from ARVI.
Influenza is characterized by:
- sudden fever up to 38–40°C;
- pronounced weakness;
- severe headache;
- muscle and joint pain;
- chills;
- dry persistent cough;
- pain behind the eyes;
- light sensitivity.
Unlike other ARVI infections, runny nose and sore throat may be less pronounced at the beginning of influenza.
Influenza more often leads to complications such as:
- pneumonia;
- worsening of chronic diseases;
- lower respiratory tract involvement;
- severe illness in young children, elderly people, and patients with comorbidities.
Who is at higher risk of complications?
Extra attention is needed for:
- parents of children under 5 years;
- people over 65;
- pregnant women;
- patients with asthma;
- people with diabetes;
- patients with cardiovascular diseases;
- people with weakened immunity.
If you belong to a risk group or are concerned about a child’s condition, do not delay medical consultation.
Common treatment mistakes
Antibiotics for viral infections
ARVI and influenza are caused by viruses. Antibiotics do not work against viruses.
Uncontrolled antibiotic use may lead to:
- antibiotic resistance;
- allergic reactions;
- diarrhea;
- disruption of gut microbiota;
- other side effects.
Antibiotics are prescribed only when a bacterial complication is confirmed by a doctor.
“Immune-boosting” medications
Many products marketed as immune boosters lack sufficient evidence of effectiveness.
The best support for the immune system includes:
- sleep;
- balanced nutrition;
- physical activity;
- vaccination;
- reduction of chronic stress.
When are antiviral medications needed?
For most ARVI cases, no specific antiviral treatment exists.
In confirmed or suspected influenza, a doctor may recommend oseltamivir-based medications. They are most effective within the first 48–72 hours after symptom onset.
This is especially relevant for:
- patients in risk groups;
- young children;
- patients with severe influenza.
ARVI in children
Children experience viral infections more often than adults. For preschoolers, several ARVI episodes per year may be normal.
Due to anatomical and physiological features, children more often develop:
- otitis;
- laryngitis;
- bronchial obstruction;
- dehydration, etc.
Therefore, young children should be monitored by a doctor during illness.
Prevention: what really works?
Influenza vaccination
This is the most effective way to prevent severe influenza and its complications.
Recommended for:
- children;
- adults;
- pregnant women;
- people with chronic diseases;
- healthcare workers.
Vaccination does not protect against all ARVI infections but significantly reduces the risk of severe influenza.
Hand hygiene
Regular handwashing is a simple and effective way to reduce infection transmission.
Ventilation
Fresh air helps reduce viral concentration indoors.
Isolation during illness
Important for recovery and for protecting others.
In summary
ARVI and influenza are part of life and affect every family from time to time. In most cases, the body copes with viral infection on its own with proper care, treatment, and rest.
The most important thing is to monitor symptoms carefully, avoid self-medication, and seek medical advice in time.
Patients need not only treatment but also clear explanations, support, and reassurance. That is why Dobrobut is not only about treatment, but also about care.
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