Despite the fact that melanoma is not the most common type of cancer, its main characteristics are aggressive course and high mortality.
Melanoma begins in pigment cells of the body called melanocytes. Skin and eyes are the body areas most commonly affected by this type of tumor. It is considered that cutaneous melanoma emerges induced by ultraviolet (UV) that causes genetic mutations. Development of melanoma is possible even in the body parts not much affected by sunlight or tanning lamps, such as sinuses, anus or vagina.
Melanoma can affect any person, not depending on skin color, race, ethnicity, sex or age. It is important to know the risk factors for the development of this dangerous disease to react timely and to seek medical assistance.
There are two types of melanoma:
- melanoma located on the external skin layer that can be treated with a simple surgery to remove it and has a good prognosis;
- Invasive melanoma that has invaded the skin and grown into its second layer (derma). The latter is a serious disease, as it extends fast to lymph nodes, and can also metastasize into other organs (liver, lungs, brain, etc.) through blood.
Risk factors:
- fair skin;
- a history of skin burns from the sunlight;
- many moles on the skin, especially on the places where there is a risk of their traumatization;
- genetic predisposition, such as the history of melanoma, brain tumors and lung cancer of close relatives.
The only way of melanoma growing prevention includes regular check-ups by a dermatologist, mole and neoformations monitoring by a patient, and also preventive removal of suspicious neoformations.
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