Aortal bed stenosis: causes, symptoms. Treatment of aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis: causes, symptoms and treatment
The valve that may be narrowed considerably under certain circumstances is located between the aorta and left ventricle of the heart. Such a position is called aortic valve stenosis or aortic stenosis in medical science. In case of such a pathology the deterioration of blood flow from the heart happens which causes the increase of pressure in lungs and heart.
Causes of aortic stenosis
There are some predisposing factors that may result in the development of such a pathology. Those include history of rheumatic fever, diagnosed heart diseases of one of the family members (it can be pulmonal valve stenosis or myocardial infarction). Most often the narrowing of the aortic orifice is diagnosed in male patients.
The real causes of the disease include as follows:
- congenital aortic valve deformity, that means the existence of only one segment;
- aortic valve is bicuspid, but has a high degree of “wear”;
- valve calcification is most often happens in older age;
- adhesions on the aortic valve may be caused by rheumatic fever.
Symptoms of cardiac valve stenosis
If the mitral stenosis is manifested with specific symptoms in the beginning of its development, everything happens a little differently in case of the problems of aortic valve functioning. A sick person does not seek qualified medical assistance long enough, because the first symptoms are fatigue, general weakness and slight shortbreathing during or after physical exercises. The more worn the aortic valve is, the more intensively the symptoms of cardiac valve stenosis manifest:
- intermittent pain in chest – burning and pressing in the chest;
- exhaustion after any effort;
- feeling of irregular heartbeat;
- rapid heartbeat;
- frequent dizziness.
In very rare cases the pathology being examined may cause the fatal outcome without prior symptoms.
Unfortunately, sick people seek medical assistance extremely rarely, and diagnostics starts only when there are signs of aortic insufficiency – severe pain in chest, shortbreathing at rest, constant syncopes, serious weakness. However, it is quite simple to determine the cause of health deterioration, and it is possible to avoid a surgical intervention if it is done at the early stages of stenosis advance.
Diagnostic measures
A doctor not only interviews a patient and listens to the heart functioning, but also refers him/her to various instrumental and laboratory tests, because it is necessary to determine the degree of aortic stenosis and choose the therapy modality before the prescription of the treatment.
What is included in the mandatory instrumental examinations:
- X-ray examination of thoracic organs;
- electrocardiogram;
- echocardiogram;
- heart catheterization (a contrast agent is injected in the heart and an X-ray examination is performed).
General principles of the treatment of aortic stenosis
A surgery in case of aortic valve stenosis is performed not in each diagnosed case. If the disease has been diagnosed at an early stage, doctors stick to monitoring that includes reduced physical activity and taking of specific medications that make the progress of cardiac insufficiency impossible.
If the degree of aortic stenosis is rather advanced, a surgical intervention may be needed. Essentially, it means artificial enlargement of the aortic orifice and recovery of the blood flow from the heart. If such measures have not yielded favorable results, doctors offer a patient a complete replacement of the aortic valve, which is a routine surgery in modern cardiology.
You can find all the types of the treatment of aortic stenosis, and also the list of the doctors who can give a consultation and supervise a patient on the pages of our website.
Article author: Inna Gorobets
Publication date: 24.04.2020
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